Every active ingredient in the Glow Table, with what it does for your skin, its evidence tier, and where you'll most commonly find it. Filter by function, product type, or evidence strength, or search by name, INCI label, or alias.
Showing 33 of 129 ingredients.
Ascorbic Acid
Brightens dull skin and helps fade dark spots. Also defends against everyday UV and pollution damage when worn under sunscreen.
Ascorbyl Glucoside
A gentler, more stable form of vitamin C. Same brightening benefits with less chance of stinging.
Oryza Sativa Bran Extract
A traditional Japanese brightener with built-in antioxidants. Softens, hydrates, and adds glow.
Astaxanthin
A powerful pink antioxidant from algae. Defends against UV and environmental damage.
Citrus Junos Seed Extract
A citrus-derived antioxidant from Japan that brightens and protects the skin surface.
Glycine Soja Ferment
Fermented soy compounds that fight environmental damage from sun and pollution while gradually supporting skin firmness.
Tocopherol
A workhorse antioxidant that defends your skin from daily oxidative damage. Pairs especially well with vitamin C, and it's in nearly every good moisturizer for a reason.
Caffeine
Tightens and brightens the under-eye area, reducing the look of puffiness by constricting tiny blood vessels. Best deployed in eye creams.
Ferulic Acid
Boosts the effectiveness of vitamin C and vitamin E when layered together. The reason a good morning antioxidant serum stays potent through the day.
Glutathione
A "master antioxidant" your body already makes. In skincare it gently lightens overall tone and helps fade pigmentation when used consistently over months.
Resveratrol
A grape-derived antioxidant that defends skin from daily oxidative damage and helps even out tone. Often paired with vitamins C and E in nighttime serums.
Ubiquinone
A naturally-occurring antioxidant your skin loses as you age. Topical CoQ10 restores some of what time depletes, supporting energy production in skin cells and softening wrinkle depth.
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract
A polyphenol from green tea that calms UV-triggered redness and reinforces your sunscreen as a second line of antioxidant defense.
Hippophae Rhamnoides Oil
A vivid orange plant oil packed with omega-7. Calms reactive, atopic-prone skin and helps refill the lipid barrier without feeling heavy.
Ergothioneine
A potent antioxidant from mushrooms that your skin actively pulls into cells. Quietly defends against UV damage from the inside of the cell, not just the surface.
4-Hexylresorcinol
A potent dark-spot fader long favored by dermatologists. Pairs strongly with niacinamide for stubborn discoloration without the irritation of hydroquinone.
Tremella Fuciformis (Mushroom) Extract
Often pitched as the gentler cousin of hyaluronic acid. It holds water in the skin, fades less quickly in dry air, and quietly buffers against UV oxidative stress.
Polypodium Leucotomos Leaf Extract
A supplement (and topical) that adds an internal layer of sun protection on top of your sunscreen, popular for melasma and easily-burned skin. Not a sunscreen replacement, but a real adjunct.
Idebenone
A lab-engineered version of CoQ10 that gets deeper into skin cells. Modest visible improvements over months. Comparison studies place it below vitamin-C-plus-ferulic combos, but it's useful when C is poorly tolerated.
Rosa Canina Fruit Oil
A dry oil that absorbs quickly and brings a tiny trickle of vitamin-A-like activity. Good for scarring, post-acne marks, and barrier rebuild without feeling greasy.
Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil
A rich, fast-absorbing oil for very dry or mature skin. Well-tolerated on sensitive complexions in safety testing, with mild antioxidant activity from its polyphenols. Evidence on topical benefits is still early-stage.
Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract
The classic "tea-bag-on-puffy-eyes" botanical. Calms angry skin via well-studied anti-inflammatory pathways, gently. Good for reactive or rosacea-prone complexions.
Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Extract
An "adaptogen" mushroom that helps skin cells handle stress at the gene level. Early-stage evidence but mechanistically interesting for anti-aging routines layered with vitamin C or peptides.
Lactobionic Acid
A "next-gen AHA" that exfoliates and hydrates at the same time, with much less stinging than glycolic. Sensitive-skin or rosacea-prone users tolerate it where stronger acids fail.
Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil
The Moroccan kitchen-staple oil with real cosmetic data behind it. Daily use measurably improves skin elasticity in postmenopausal women. Good for dry, mature, or barrier-compromised skin without feeling greasy.
Tocotrienols
Vitamin E's more potent cousin, better at chasing down free radicals and shielding skin from UV-driven aging. A systematic review concluded it protects against inflammation, UV damage, and pigmentation; pairs naturally with vitamin C.
Morus Alba Root Extract
A "natural skin lightener" with actual clinical-trial backing for melasma. A placebo-controlled study showed real MASI improvement. Sits well alongside vitamin C, alpha-arbutin, or niacinamide in a brightening stack.
Phytic Acid
A plant-derived acid that blocks the enzyme your skin uses to make pigment, fading dark spots and post-acne marks. Clinical trials show it measurably reduces hyperpigmentation and improves skin luminosity, with significantly less irritation than stronger AHAs. A good option for sensitive skin that still wants a brightening acid.
Tartaric Acid
A gentler grape-derived AHA that exfoliates and helps multi-acid formulas stay at the right pH to work. Less studied than glycolic or lactic acid as a standalone, but well-tolerated in combination peels, and the antioxidant side effect is a genuine bonus.
Citric Acid
A fruit-derived AHA that exfoliates and antioxidizes. It shares the same basic mechanism as glycolic and lactic acid but is weaker gram-for-gram; in practice you'll see it doing dual duty (a little exfoliation plus pH stabilisation) in multi-acid toners and serums. When it appears low on an ingredient list, it's adjusting pH; higher up, it's contributing real exfoliation.
Thioctic Acid
A "universal antioxidant" that protects both the oily and watery parts of your skin. It's unique because it can recycle your Vitamin C and E, making them last longer. It also prevents "sugar-sag" (glycation) and reduces fine lines.
Panax Ginseng Root Extract
A staple in Hanbang (traditional Korean medicine) skincare. It's packed with antioxidants and ginsenosides that help firm the skin, boost circulation, and defend against environmental aging.
Melatonin
The overnight-repair antioxidant showing up in night creams. Small trials found melatonin creams improved texture, fine wrinkles, and tone with nightly use. A nice antioxidant layer for PM routines; pair with morning SPF for daytime protection.
Every ingredient in this list traces back to peer-reviewed sources. See our methodology for how we evaluate, cite, and verify research from PubMed, the Korean Citation Index, J-Stage, and the MFDS regulatory record.