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Ingredients Anti-acne Azelaic Acid
12Az
Sourced from grain, yeast + lab
Tier · Strong evidence
Anti-acne · Brightening · Anti-inflammatory

Azelaic Acid

INCI: Azelaic Acid · Also called: Azelex

Calms redness, fades acne marks, and clears bumps, all without aggravating sensitive skin. Pregnancy-safe.

For your skin

Calms redness, fades acne marks, and clears bumps, all without aggravating sensitive skin. Pregnancy-safe.

Want the science? Keep reading ↓

Mechanism of action

Dicarboxylic acid that inhibits tyrosinase and is antimicrobial against C. acnes.

Why we tier this strong

9 cited papers across 2 countries. Multiple positive efficacy results plus regulatory backing. Our catalog highlights 9 cited papers as direct references, a curated sample from the broader body of published research that earns Azelaic Acid its Strong tier (15+ studies including multiple RCTs or a large longitudinal cohort). See our methodology for how we evaluate evidence.

6
International
3
United States

Layering matrix

Read the research

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Cited research

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Petrovici AG et al., A Comprehensive Review of Azelaic Acid Pharmacological Properties, Clinical Applications, and Innovative Topical Formulations, Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2025

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Feng Y et al., Azelaic Acid: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications, Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 2024;17:2359-2371 — antibacterial, anti-keratinizing, antimelanogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory; FDA-approved for papulopustular rosacea

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King A et al., A systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of azelaic acid in the management of acne, rosacea, melasma and skin aging, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 2023;22(10):2650-2662 — azelaic acid more effective than vehicle for rosacea, acne, and melasma; aging evidence limited

2023Meta-analysis (positive)PMID:37550898View source ↗
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Liu H et al., Topical agents for acne (covers azelaic arm), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020;5:CD011368 — conclusion: clinical benefit is unclear

2020Meta-analysis (mixed)PMID:32356369View source ↗
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Sieber MA, Hegel JK, Azelaic acid: properties and mode of action, Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 2014;27 Suppl 1:9-17

2014Positive (efficacy)PMID:24280644View source ↗
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CIR Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Dicarboxylic Acids, Salts, and Esters (covers azelaic acid as C9 dicarboxylic acid), International Journal of Toxicology 2012

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Iraji F et al., Efficacy of topical azelaic acid gel in the treatment of mild-moderate acne vulgaris, Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology 2007;73(2):94-96 — double-blind RCT: 20% azelaic acid gel reduced total lesion count 60.6% vs 19.9% placebo (P=0.002)

2007Positive (efficacy)PMID:17456913View source ↗
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Gupta AK, Gover MD, Azelaic Acid (15% Gel) in the Treatment of Acne Rosacea, International Journal of Dermatology 2007

2007Positive (efficacy)PMID:17472690View source ↗
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Thiboutot D, Thieroff-Ekerdt R, Graupe K, Efficacy and safety of azelaic acid (15%) gel as a new treatment for papulopustular rosacea: results from two vehicle-controlled, randomized phase III studies, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2003;48(6):836-845 — AzA gel statistically superior to vehicle (58% vs 40% and 51% vs 39% inflammatory-lesion reduction)

2003Positive (efficacy)PMID:12789172View source ↗

Sources: 10 clinical journals and regulatory databases across the US, EU, Korea, Japan, and China. Every entry points to a specific document. See methodology for the full list and what each outcome label means.